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配置存储ConfigMap概述

  1. 为什么要用configMap？

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    1.将配置文件和POD解耦
    2.可以修改配置文件 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
    3.可以增加配置文件 /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.chenlin.com.conf

  2. ConfigMap如何存储配置文件？

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    1.键值对存储
    	key:value
    2.文件存储
    	文件名:配置文件内容

  3. ConfigMap支持的配置类型？

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    1.直接定义key:value键值对
    2.基于文件创建键值对

  4. ConfigMap创建方式

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    1. 命令行创建
    2. 资源清单创建

  5. 如何将ConfigMap存储到POD中

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    1.通过变量传递
    2.通过数据卷挂载

  6. 使用configMap的限制条件

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    1.ConfigMap必须在Pod之前创建，Pod才能引用他
    2.ConfigMap受限于命名空间限制，只有处于同一个命名空间中的Pod才可以被引用

命令行创建ConfigMap

创建示例

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# 语法格式
kubectl create configmap NAME [--from-file=[key=]source] [--fromliteral=key1=value1] [--dry-run=server|client|none]

# 命令行定义变量
kubectl create configmap nginx-config --from-literal=nginx_port=80 --fromliteral=server_name=www.hcl.com

# 查看ConfigMap
kubectl get cm
NAME           DATA   AGE
nginx-config   2      6s

# 查看ConfigMap详细信息
kubectl describe cm nginx-config
Name:          nginx-config
Namespace:     default
Labels:        <none>
Annotations:   <none>

Data
====
nginx_port:
----
80
server_name:
----
www.hcl.com
Events: <none>

# 使用POD引用变量
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx-cm
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx-pod
    image: nginx:alpine
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  env:
  - name: HCL_NGINX_PORT
    valueFrom:
      configMapKeyRef:
        name: nginx-config
        key: nginx_port
  - name: SERVER_NAME
    valueFrom:
      configMapKeyRef:
        name: nginx-config
        key: server_name

image-20230618215954105

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# 查看pod详细信息
kubectl describe pod nginx-cm
Name:        nginx-cm
Namespace:   default
Priority:    0
Node:        k8s02/10.0.0.12
Start Time:  Fri, 16 Jun 2023 11:24:03 +0800
Labels:      <none>
Annotations: <none>
Status:      Running
IP:          10.2.2.162
IPs:
  IP: 10.2.2.162
Containers:
  nginx-pod:
    Container ID:docker://074e4c98437a36246cc8b9cb15495821b65210011e78c4927fccb5cd97a7b369
    Image:         nginx:alpine
    Image ID:   dockerpullable://nginx@sha256:eb05700fe7baa6890b74278e39b66b2ed1326831f9ec3ed4bdc6361a4ac2f333
    Port:          <none>
    Host Port:     <none>
    State:         Running
    Started:       Fri, 16 Jun 2023 11:24:05 +0800
    Ready:         True
    Restart Count: 0
    Environment:
      HCL_NGINX_PORT: <set to the key 'nginx_port' of config map 'nginxconfig'> Optional: false
      SERVER_NAME: <set to the key 'server_name' of config map 'nginxconfig'> Optional: false

# 关键参数：
valueFrom:               # 引用变量
  configMapKeyRef:       # 引用congfigmap
    name: nginx-config   # 引用的congfigmap名称
    key: nginx_port      # 应用congfigmap里的具体的key

查看pod是否引入了变量

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# 连接进入容器
kubectl exec -it nginx-cm /bin/bash

# 打印变量
root@nginx-cm:~# echo ${NGINX_PORT}
80
root@nginx-cm:~# echo ${SERVER_NAME}
www.hcl.com
root@nginx-cm:~# printenv |egrep "NGINX_PORT|SERVER_NAME"
NGINX_PORT=80
SERVER_NAME=www.hcl.com

注意：

  • 变量传递的形式，修改confMap的配置，POD内并不会生效
  • 因为变量只有在创建POD的时候才会引用生效，POD一旦创建好，环境变量就不变了

构建带有环境变量的镜像

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# 使用环境变量渲染配置文件
envsubst '${HOME},${PATH}' < cjavapy.txt > cjavapy1.txt

wordpress：
-e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=...
-e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=...
-e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=...
-e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=...
-e WORDPRESS_TABLE_PREFIX=...

# 构建一个带环境变量的镜像
FROM centos:7
RUN rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/* && \
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo && \
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
&& \
yum install -y gettext nginx && \
yum clean all && \
rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
COPY wp-config-docker.php /
COPY start.sh /start.sh
CMD ["/bin/sh","/start.sh"]

# 编辑启动脚本卡进程
vim start.sh
envsubst '$WP_USER,$WP_DB,$WP_PASS' < /wp-config-docker.php > /wp-config.php /sbin/nginx -g "daemon off;"

# 编辑php配置
vim wp-config-docker.php
define( 'DB_NAME', getenv_docker('WORDPRESS_DB_NAME', "$WP_DB") );

/** Database username */
define( 'DB_USER', getenv_docker('WORDPRESS_DB_USER', "$WP_USER") );

/** Database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', getenv_docker('WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD', "$WP_PASS") );

使用配置文件创建ConfigMap

创建示例

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# 1.创建配置文件
server {
		listen 80;
		server_name www.hcl.com;
		location / {
			root   /usr/share/nginx/html/www;
			index  index.html index.htm;
		}
}

# 2.命令行创建资源
kubectl create configmap nginx-blog --from-file=blog.conf=./blog.hcl.com.conf

# 3.查看cm资源
kubectl describe cm nginx-blog
Name:         nginx-blog
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
blog.conf:
----
server {
		listen 80;
		server_name www.hcl.com;
		location / {
			root   /usr/share/nginx/html/www;
			index  index.html index.htm;
		}
}
Events: <none>

# 4.挂载数据卷
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx-cm
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx-pod
    image: nginx:1.14.0
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: nginx-www
      mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
  volumes:
  - name: nginx-www
    configMap:
      name: nginx-www
      items:
      - key: www.conf
        path: www.conf

image-20230618221845826

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# 修改configmap
kubectl edit cm nginx-blog

使用资源清单创建ConfigMap

configmap资源清单

  • 编辑资源清单

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    vim nginx-cm-test.yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: new-nginx
    data:
      zh.conf: |
        server {
        		listen 80;
        		server_name zh.hcl.com;
        		location / {
        			root   /usr/share/nginx/html/zh;
        			index  index.html index.htm;
        		}
        	}
      wp.conf: |
        server {
        		listen 80;
        		server_name blog.hcl.com;
        		location / {
        			root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
        			index  index.html index.htm;
        		}
        	}

  • 应用资源清单并查看

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    # 应用资源清单
    kubectl apply -f nginx-cm-test.yaml

    # 查看configmap
    kubectl get cm
    NAME        DATA   AGE
    new-nginx   2      4s

    # 查看configmap详细信息
    kubectl describe cm new-nginx
    Name:         new-nginx
    Namespace:    default
    Labels:       <none>
    Annotations:  <none>

    Data
    ====
    wp.conf:
    ----
    server {
    		listen 80;
    		server_name blog.hcl.com;
    		location / {
    			root /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
    			index index.html index.htm;
    		}
    	}

    zh.conf:
    ----
    server {
    		listen 80;
    		server_name zh.hcl.com;
    		location / {
    			root /usr/share/nginx/html/zh;
    			index index.html index.htm;
    		}
    	}
    	
    Events: <none>

  • 使用pod挂载

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    # 使用pod挂载
    vim pod.yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Pod
    metadata:
      name: new-nginx-pod
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: zh-wp
        configMap:
          name: new-nginx
          items:
          - key: zh.conf
            path: zh.hcl.com.conf
          - key: wp.conf
            path: blog.hcl.com.conf

      containers:
      - name: nginx-pod
        image: nginx:alpine
        volumeMounts:
        - name: zh-wp
          mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/

    # 连接进入容器
    kubectl exec -it new-nginx-pod /bin/sh

  • 容器内

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    # 进入到nginx配置文件目录
    cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/

    # 查看配置文件列表
    /etc/nginx/conf.d # ls
    blog.hcl.com.conf zh.hcl.com.conf

    # 查看配置文件
    /etc/nginx/conf.d # cat blog.hcl.com.conf
    server {
    		listen 80;
    		server_name blog.hcl.com;
    		location / {
    			root /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
    			index index.html index.htm;
    		}
    	}

    # 查看配置文件
    /etc/nginx/conf.d # cat zh.hcl.com.conf
    server {
    		listen 80;
    		server_name zh.hcl.com;
    		location / {
    			root /usr/share/nginx/html/zh;
    			index index.html index.htm;
    		}
    	}

作业：
1.Dockerfile自己打wordpress镜像使用环境变量
2.k8s启动自己打的镜像
3.使用www用户
4.nfs共享存储
5.名称空间：www
6.wp：2 mysql：1
7.wordpress：使用pvc 5G
mysql：使用pvc 10G